Tuesday, July 16, 2013

Mesopotamia : Burney Relief

 

Mesopotamia : Burney Relief

        In Mesopotamia couldn't found the art work of Venus but they had made some sculpture that has women shape on artwork. I choose the Burney Relief that has known as the Queen of the Night relief that is terra-cotta plaque is made of baked straw-tempered clay in Old Badylonian, around 1800-1750 BC in Mesopotamia period from southern Iraq. A likely representation of either Ereshkigal or Ishtar in body of artwork.

        Firstly, proportion of
this plaque has female is half man and half bird and nude in the middle and animals on background. She wears the accessories of women that have necklace, bracelets both of hands and  horned headdress characteristic of a Mesopotamian deity. She holds a rod and ring of justice, symbols of her divinity. Her long multi-coloured wings hang downwards, indicating that she is a goddess of the Underworld. In human body, she has more curve shape of women than prehistory. The plaque probably stood in a shrine. The figure had made from clay that measures 49.5 cm in height, 37 cm in width and 4.8 in thickness. 

        Secondary, balance of the relief sculpture has looked symmetry balance within standing on prey and she raises her hands up and holds wands or rod and ring of justice. So That showed they have believe in god and first time has impartiality within artwork.

        Thirdly, Similarity and Contrast of Venus this statue has pattern and rhythm on her wings. Her hands are similar that she hold the wands of god. Her legs end in the talons of a bird of prey, similar to those of the two owls that flank her. The background was originally painted black, suggesting that she was associated with the night. She stands on the backs of two lions, and a scale pattern indicates mountains. And on the ground has same pattern of wing in the texture of line but it's mirror together. But some part of artwork was damaged over time.

        Lastly, emphasis.The figure could be an aspect of the goddess Ishtar, Mesopotamian goddess of sexual love and war, or Ishtar's sister and rival, the goddess Ereshkigal who ruled over the Underworld, or the demoness Lilitu, known in the Bible as Lilith.So it means they have dominance in belief that they believe in power of god in nature and phenomenon, they respected  to the star and river simultaneously they believe something within reason and impartiality. Concisely in this period, there design show them began believe in power of god that feel like a fairy tales about between sexual love and war. They thought about half man and half animal be their goddess within tradition.So this period has more details and belief than prehistory.
                                               
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Prehistoric : The Venus of Willendorf

                 
Prehistoric :  Venus of Willendorf
        Venus is the word that has been associated with artwork, most specifically from beautiful women. In the Palaeolithic era, Venus has Indicated female sculptures.The most famous and dominant Venus in prehistory is Venus of Willendorf That she was found in 1908 in Austria and she is dated 30,000 and 25,000 BC. This Venus is exposed without a face but she is presented with details on her head, torso to toe that has featured their well-being and tradition.     

        Secondary, balance of this Venus is symmetry balance with scale of composition within standing. Her figure have one head, two for the breasts, two for arms, torso of body, two for thighs and two for legs. She is a round women, standing with her arms resting on her breasts and belly, her bowed head hiding her face but showing off elaborate hair.The round shape is disproportion  and fatter that other period. 


        Firstly, proportion of this Venus has diminutive size to convey within hands and  she measures 11 cm in height. The figurine was carved from oolitic limestone and has colored with red ochre.  Apart from being female, the statue has an enlarged stomach and breasts, its public area is greatly emphasized, probably serving as a representative of procreativity, and the red ochre pigment covering it has been thought to symbolize or serve as menstrual blood seen as a life giving agent. Her body has circular shape and apart from being female has feeling like abstract in human scale, so that has shown about abundance in that time.         



        Thirdly, Similarity and Contrast of this Venus has similar figurines which show similar characteristics, such as the exaggerated proportion of the breasts and body, that has a pattern and rhythm in circular shape. A head totally covered with basketry, and the similar full figure with the head almost covered in similar texture that is a pattern and rhythm.         
    
        Lastly, emphasis of this Venus  is an important icon of prehistory. Archeologists have suggested many different ways of understanding its significance for the nomadic society which made it. The first suggestion is that it was a "Venus figure" or "Goddess" used as a symbol of fertility.  It shows design a woman with a large stomach that overhangs but does not hide her pubic area and no face. A roll of fat extends around her middle, joining with large but rather flat buttocks, so that means it's showing that time has richness and abundantly owing to they have full nature resource and their culture and tradition. The suggestion is made Venus figure. Synopsis of this period, there has not emphasized with a design for aesthetic yet. She looks abstract in human scale and it doesn't have more details on head and face. And they began has a belief in god and luck within well-being and tradition.


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Ancient Egypt : Karomama

                                 

                                 
 Ancient Egypt : Karomama

        In Ancient Egypt doesn't have a Venus but they has more female in artwork That I choose statue of Karomama, the Divine Andoratrice of Amun in third intermediate period, 22nd dynasty, 945-715 BC. Karomama is Great Gods wife of Amun or called high priestess of Amun and she depicted in a walking pose, shaking sistrums (now missing). She was a Divine Adoratrice, a virgin and earthly spouse of the god Amun, who was worshiped at Karnak. She held the status of a queen, and is portrayed in a robe encircled by vulture wings. A tall crown once fitted into the round headdress adorned with a uranus. Actually she was the granddaughter of King Osorkan high priestess of Amun that's one of the beautiful Egyptian statues.
     
        Firstly, proportion of sculpture has beautiful configuration of female. She is height 59.5cm, width 35cm and diameter 12.5cm. The slender proportions of figure embody a charming femininity. The face, however, has a severe expression, with inlaid eyes, aquiline noise, and small, delicately shaped mouth. Karomama wears a long pleated dress and  a short Nubian style wig with a uranus on her brow. Her modius is by fairly large vulture whose out stretched wings seem to protect a crowned cobra. A tall crown once fitted into the round headdress adorned with a uranus. A uranus must have decorated the front of wig but  was broken off. Her hand are held  out in front of her and it looks as though they would have grasped something . She wears an elaborate dress which is made to resemble wings encircling her body. This statue was dedicated by this exceptional bronze object with multiple inlays.     

        Secondary, similarity and contrast. She has walking composition on inscription hieroglyphics because she once carried in her hands would have immediately identified her as a priestess rather than princess.The main body of this statue was cast in bronze and subsequently with a thin sheathing of bronze, which was then exquisitely engraved with patterns inlaid with gold, silver, and electrum. Her color is red, green, gold and black. These created colourful effects, although some are now missing. Gold leaf was also used to highlight different sections of the body, such as the wig with finely incise curls. A magnificent eight-tiered collar remains; it includes alternating rows of geometric and plant designs: rosettes, lotus petals, checkerboards, and spirals. The alloys used for the different inlets created nuances and various surface patina, which are no longer visible, given the condition of the work. On her body has inlay with line and includes alternating rows of geometric and plant designs pattern with the bird wings surround her cloth. That looks she has power in tradition and doctrine. So they had thought in design, material, shape and texture like female in human scale more than in the past and this period just have a cloth on artwork and consider to cumulative beauty.

        Lastly, emphasis in a statue of Karomama held the status of a queen, and is portrayed in a robe encircled by vulture wings or drawing of the bird wings that surround her and accentuate the fullness of her figure. A tall crown once fitted into the round headdress adorned with a uranus. That has shown they believe to respect to star and belief in religion that they need to make the sculpture to endure so they indicated and noted their culture and tradition in sculpture design. This sculpture is famous for the sophisticated production technique used. The statue was created with the lost-wax bronze casting process and features complicated metal inlays, various copper alloys gold, and silver. These have an affect on statue to created colorful effects, although some part are now missing and damage by over time. Concisely in this period, their design have more details like a female in human scale especially tracery on her head and body in line.They began to made statue within action like this sculpture has standing composition like pacing and holding something in hands and has cloth in design within geometric and plants. And that shows they consider to cumulative beauty rather than the past.

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Ancient Greek : Venus De Milo


Ancient Greek : Aphrodite of Melos (also called Venus De Milo)

        Venus De Milo is one of the most famous sculpture of Ancient Greek. This Venus was decorated between 130 and 100 BC, the statue of Aphrodite de Milos is appreciate as the most beautiful model of a women's body and human scale. This Venus was decorated between 130 and 100 BC.Her ability to excite the feeling like a passion and desire never felt before of them gave her the power to rule over the hearts of gods and men alike, and she thus became the goddess of love, beauty, and sexuality.

        Firstly, for the proportion of Venus De Milo are also Classical body , and the face is sculpted with the restrained and idealized Classical demeanor. It's marble sculpture and slightly larger than human scale of real life that size has 203 cm high. The pursuit of the kind of beauty of human body proportion and the proportion of almost all contains statue the golden section. The Venus represents a mixture of Classical and Hellenistic traits, which create a unique and alluring visual experience befitting the goddess of beauty and grace. Her body is twisting attitude and jagged, deeply carved drapery is indicative of Hellenistic styles, but the soft, flowing musculature is similar to the Praxitelean S-curve associated with Late Classical art. That she lost blunted proportions within mathematical way but she has activated in attitude. So they have thought and design the sculpture is soft pose and desert a flat standing pose.  

        Secondary, for the balance of Venus is asymmetry because of her attitude. Her composition is a mixture of earlier styles from the Classical period of Ancient Greek sculpture. The statue is a variation on an older theme of the half nude Aphrodite originally shown admiring her reflective inner surface of Ares' shield while it is balanced on her raised left knee with holding the slipping drapery, suggests at the same time an energetic movement to secure balance. Venus de Milo shows elegant with plump attractive amazing harmonic, from her full in the chest extending  to the abdomen curve, or her back. The statue permeated with the symmetry of the harm, people never lost their appeal. Also and these part in comparison, people will suddenly become aware of that lost arms is thick with a mysterious atmosphere is difficult to accurately depict, or are deeply breeds with various possibility of dream life. Moreover, although she lost two made of marble into beautiful arms.
    
        Thirdly, for unity of Venus has organic unity of line in sculpture.  The dominance is the line of the symmetry, balance and proportion with human scale, that has harmonious with a continuous line to line for distinguished to showing the real form, rhythm and pattern clearly on sculpture from head until to feet within scale, details, attitude and texture of human included feeling and wrap that is real line composed, so imparting grace and a total unity.  

        Lastly, emphasis she is the goddess of love, beauty, and sexuality. In this period, in design the sculpture is soft pose and desert a flat standing pose from the past but  add more details of female body like a real life. Venus shows their tradition and culture to decorate artwork. So it means their artwork is grown up and begun to be master, that this venus is appreciated as the most beautiful sculpture.

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